Refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment in children. Early detection and correction are essential to prevent long-term effects on visual development and children’s learning ability. This was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design, using secondary data obtained from the medical records of pediatric patients aged 0–18 years with refractive errors at the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of Ramata Eye Hospital during the period January–December 2023. The sample was selected using consecutive sampling. Univariate analysis was performed to describe the distribution of patient characteristics. A total of 80 patients were analysed, with the majority in the 6–10-year age group (52.5%) and a female predominance (53.8%). The most common type of refractive error was compound myopic astigmatism (37.5%), followed by myopia (25.0%) and simple myopic astigmatism (21.3%). Most patients had moderate visual acuity (60%). Following correction with spectacles, visual acuity improved, with 57.5% of patients achieving normal vision. This study underscores the importance of early detection and appropriate management of refractive errors in children, as well as the need for public health promotion regarding the impact of refractive errors on children.