Sriwijaya Journal of Medicine

The Role of Multimodalities Approach in Diagnosing Disorders of Sex Development (DSD): Brief Review

Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) encompass rare congenital conditions involving atypical development of chromosomes, gonads, or sex anatomy. The 2006 global consensus led to a shift in the approach to handling DSD cases, emphasizing integrated treatment involving various scientific disciplines. DSD diagnosis involves a structured and multimodality approach, including history, pedigree analysis, physical examination, imaging, hormone and chromosome analysis, and genetic testing. An in-depth anamnesis and detailed pedigree analysis help trace family history and inheritance patterns of Mendelian traits in DSD cases. Thorough physical examination, including general and specific assessments, helps screen for abnormalities in sexual development. Karyotyping, hormone level investigation, and imaging examinations are crucial for supporting the diagnosis of DSD. However, genetic or molecular examination remains the modality for definitively confirming the genetic disorder underlying DSD, subsequently leading to a better understanding and management of the condition. Considering the limited resources available in the field in efforts to establish a molecular diagnosis of DSD, it is recommended to explore the role of anamnesis, pedigree analysis, physical examination, imaging examination, hormonal laboratory examination, and chromosome analysis in efforts to approach the diagnosis of DSD.

Role of Innate Immune Response of Dental Hyperplastic Pulpitis: A Review

Ade Rizki Putri Ratih, Desi Oktariana — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Immunity plays an important role in many areas, including dental health. Dental caries is the main and most common problem in dental and oral health fields. Dental caries was influenced by 4 important factors, among them was a bacterial infection. The bacterial infection can cause inflammation of the pulp. Chronic inflammation pulpitis can stimulate pulp polyps or hyperplastic pulpitis. This study aimed to identify the role of innate immune response to hyperplastic pulpitis process. Bacteria Streptococcus mutans was the most prevalent bacteria in dental caries. Its lipopolysaccharide could trigger an immune response by activating the cellular and humoral components in the pulp cavity. The cellular components include polymorphonuclear cells, monocyte and macrophage cells, dendritic cells, basophil cells, and mast cells. The humoral component was histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12. The presence of bacterial infections or pathogens causes the body to stimulate defense mechanisms through innate immune cells and humoral components.

The Effectiveness of Asiatic Acid, Asiaticoside, and Madecassocide in Centella Asiatica, (Linn), Urb. on the Healing Process of Infected Wounds in Experimental Animals: Systematic Literature Review

Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A wound is a condition where body tissue is damaged as a result of sharp objects, chemicals, animal bites, electric shocks, and so on. Good and correct wound management can prevent wounds from becoming infected. In general, for infected wounds, aminoglycoside antibiotic ointments are used which are effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, such as gentamicin. Where the use of gentamicin ointment is still the "Drug of Choice" for infected wounds. However, due to several side effects that can be caused such as allergic reactions that will cause discomfort in patients with hypersensitivity to antibiotics in this group and the possibility of resistance to the use of this type of antibiotic, other alternative therapies have emerged for treating wounds with ingredients that have minimal side effects, one of which is by using traditional medicine from nature. One of the herbal medicines that is believed to be able to treat skin wounds is the Gotu Kola plant or Centella asiatica. The gotu kola plant or Centella asiatica contains several active substances that are useful in accelerating wound healing, namely Asiatic acid, Madecassocide, and Asiaticoside. This study aims to determine and assess the activity of these substances in Centella asiatica which play a role in the healing process of infected wounds in experimental animals. This research is a review article, by searching data from Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI databases with keywords used such as, "Effectiveness of Centella, Active Ingredients of Centella, Centella on Wounds". Many articles appear, but those used in this article that fit the inclusion criteria are 6 articles. The results of the 6 articles stated that Centella asiatica has the potential to heal infected wounds because it contains triterpenoid compounds which have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia colli. This review article concludes that the active substances found in pegagan leaves, namely Asiatic acid, Madecassocide, and Asiaticoside, have benefits in healing infected wounds in experimental animals.

The Relationship Between the Level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Pregnant Women on Compliance with Iron Tablet (Ferrous Sulfate) Consumption and the Incidence of Anemia During Pregnancy

Fadillah, Athalia Rizqi, Amalia Resy — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Anemia is a direct or indirect cause of maternal mortality. Anemia is associated with maternal morbidity rates. The government’s effort to address anemia is to provide iron supplements (Ferrous Sulfate). The success of iron supplement administration depends on whether or not pregnant women take iron tablets. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of pregnant women on compliance with iron tablet (Ferrous Sulfate) consumption and the incidence of anemia during pregnancy. This observational analytic study used a cross-sectional design with primary data from pregnant women at Puskesmas Pembina Palembang. 100 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected through consecutive sampling techniques. Statistical analysis results showed that 80% of respondents were not anemic while 20% were anemic. The respondents with a high level of knowledge mostly had positive attitudes (81%), positive behavior (94%), and compliance with iron tablet consumption during pregnancy (83%). The Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact test showed a significant relationship between knowledge level (p-value = 0.000, OR = 11.746), attitude (p-value = 0.000, OR = 34.167), behavior (p-value = 0.001, OR = 7.309), and compliance with iron tablet consumption (p-value = 0.040, OR = 3.769) and the incidence of anemia during pregnancy. This study concludes that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of pregnant women on compliance with iron tablet (Ferrous Sulfate) consumption and the incidence of anemia during pregnancy.

High Glycemic Index Foods Increase Oxidative Stress and Cause Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Adinda, Legiran, Arwan Bin Laeto — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a widespread condition that impacts quality of life and poses significant health care challenges. Recent research shows that dietary factors, especially the consumption of high glycemic index (GI) foods, play an important role in exacerbating musculoskeletal pain through metabolic and inflammatory pathways. High GI foods cause a rapid spike in blood glucose, which causes increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress disrupts normal cellular function, increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and exacerbates chronic inflammation, a major driver of musculoskeletal pain. This review discusses the mechanisms by which high GI foods increase oxidative stress and contribute to the onset and persistence of chronic musculoskeletal pain and discusses oxidative damage increasing degradation of musculoskeletal tissue, delaying recovery, and worsening pain perception. Previous studies linking high GI diets to increased oxidative stress and the incidence of musculoskeletal pain provide evidence of the potential for dietary modification as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy. In conclusion, reducing foods with a high glycemic index and adopting a diet rich in antioxidants and low glycemic index to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation is very necessary. Understanding the impact of diet on oxidative stress offers a promising avenue for the prevention and treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Further research is needed to strengthen this association and develop targeted dietary interventions for CMP patients.

Survey of the Relationship between Indoor Physical Air Quality (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) and Symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome in Employees at the Plaju Primary Health Care and Alang-Alang Lebar Primary Health Care Palembang 2024

Dian Widia Lestari, Agita Diora Fitri, Emma Novita — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a collection of symptoms that workers in office buildings experience that are related to the air quality and amount of time they spend there. One of the dangerous indoor air pollutants is particulate matter (PM). This study aims to determine the relationship between physical air quality (PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀) in the room and symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome. This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. This study used primary data in the form of measurement of physical air quality indicators and distribution of questionnaires regarding SBS at Plaju Primary Health Care and Alang-Alang Lebar Primary Health Care Palembang. This study is only a survey. The research sample consisted of 74 respondents who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the univariate analysis showed that 48.6% of respondents experienced SBS and 51.4% did not experience SBS. 20.3% of respondents in this study were ≥45 years old, 93.2% of respondents were female, and 75.7% of respondents had worked for >3 years. Two rooms in Alang-Alang Lebar Primary Health Care did not meet the applicable particulate matter standards, namely the registration room (PM₁ 50 μg/m³, PM_2.5 80 μg/m³, and PM₁₀ 108 μg/m³) and the elderly general clinic (PM₁33 μg/m³ and PM_2.5 49 μg/m³). The highest prevalence of SBS symptoms were red, itchy, dry, or watery eyes (75%) and dizziness or headache (71.4%). Age (p = 0.907), gender (p = 0.358), tenure (p = 0.077), PM₁ (p = 0.873), PM_2.5 (p = 0, 873), and PM₁₀ (p = 0.431) had no significant link with the symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome at Plaju Primary Health Care and Alang-Alang Lebar Primary Health Care Palembang 2024.

The Relationship Between The Weekly Soft Drinks Consumption and Body Mass Index Among Adolescents

Ledyah Meri Liani, Rury Tiara Oktariza, Ertati Suarni — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Soft drink consumption rate among adolescents was the highest and it is accompanied by an increase in the incidence of obesity. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the frequency and volume of weekly soft drink consumption and body mass index among adolescents. This cross-sectional study involved 78 senior high school students in Palembang. The frequency of soft and energy drink consumption is assessed every week. The body mass index (BMI) was measured by standardized anthropometry. Data was then analyzed computerized with a level of significance of P <0.05. Spearman test results show that there was a significant positive correlation between the frequency and volume of weekly consumption of soft drinks and BMI among adolescents (p < 0.001, r = 0.517; p < 0.001, r = 0.568, respectively). Increased consumption of soft drinks among adolescents will be associated with increased body mass index which leads to overweight and obesity.

Psychological Well-Being of Juvenile Prisoners in Bandung

Rohman Hikmat, Iyus Yosep, Popy Siti Aisyah, Shella Febrita Puteri Utomo — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The psychological well-being of juvenile prisoners is very important in supporting their rehabilitation process, but is often neglected due to internal and external factors that affect their psychological condition. The correctional environment which is full of social stigma, limited psychological support, and mental conditions before detention are major challenges for juvenile prisoners. This study aims to determine the description of psychological well-being in juvenile prisoners in Bandung. This study used a quantitative descriptive research design with a total sampling technique. The research sample consisted of 80 juvenile prisoners in correctional institutions. Data collection was carried out using the Psychological Well-Being Scale questionnaire consisting of 42 question items with a Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using a frequency distribution test to describe the level of psychological well-being based on high, medium, and low categories. The results showed that 62.5% of juvenile prisoners had moderate psychological well-being, 27.5% were in the low category, and only 10% had high psychological well-being. Factors such as mental conditions before detention, social interactions, and the physical environment in correctional institutions affect their level of psychological well-being. Social stigma and lack of psychological support are major challenges in improving their psychological well-being. Support from psychiatric nurses in correctional institutions plays an important role in helping juvenile inmates cope with stress and adapt to the detention environment. This study emphasizes the importance of psychological interventions to improve their well-being, especially by improving social support and reducing social stigma.

Empathy in High School Students

Iyus Yosep, Ai Mardhiyah, Rohman Hikmat — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Empathy is an important skill that plays a role in the social and emotional development of adolescents and contributes to healthy and harmonious interpersonal relationships. The decline in empathy levels in adolescents today is a concern, especially in social contexts such as interactions in high school (SMA). Empathy is also key to preventing negative behaviors such as bullying and improving communication and collaboration skills. Therefore, it is important to understand students' empathy levels as a first step in developing appropriate interventions. This study aims to describe the level of empathy in high school students in Bandung. This study used a descriptive design with a total sampling technique, involving 100 respondents. Data were collected using the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) questionnaire consisting of 20 statements to measure affective and cognitive empathy. The validity test of the instrument showed a value between 0.567 and 0.812, while its reliability was measured by the Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.85 for affective empathy and 0.79 for cognitive empathy. Data analysis was carried out using frequency distribution to describe the characteristics and levels of empathy of respondents. The results of the study showed that the average level of empathy of students was 51.82, with the majority of students in the moderate empathy category (51%). This finding indicates that most students have adequate empathy skills, but there is still room for further development. Factors such as family background, academic pressure, and the influence of social media also contribute to the level of empathy shown by students. This study is expected to support the development of educational policies that focus on strengthening students' character and mental health.

The Relationship between Knowledge and Self-Medication Practices for Dysmenorrhea among Female Students of SMK Negeri 2 Palembang

Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Dysmenorrhea is a common occurrence in most women. The pain arising from dysmenorrhea ranges from mild to moderate and can disrupt daily activities and performance. Many women practice self-medication to alleviate this pain. This self-medication practice is influenced by several factors, one of which is the level of knowledge. This study aims to explore the relationship between the level of knowledge among female students and self-medication behavior in dysmenorrhea. This study used a cross-sectional design with a random sampling of female students from SMK Negeri 2 Palembang. The total sample involved 41 students. Data were collected and analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. The majority of students experienced dysmenorrhea (87.8%) with an average Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of 4.6. The duration of pain varied, with most experiencing pain for 2-3 days after menstruation. Almost all students (97.6%) had good or sufficient knowledge about dysmenorrhea. However, only a few students practiced self-medication (11.1%), with paracetamol being the most commonly used medication. The analysis showed a significant relationship between knowledge level and self-medication behavior (p=0.002, OR: 12.681). The level of knowledge among female students is significantly associated with self-medication behavior in dysmenorrhea. Better health education on dysmenorrhea management and the use of safe medication needs to be strengthened to reduce the risk of side effects and improve the well-being of students.